Evaluation of Hidden Cost Risk of Prefabricated Construction Based on SEM-MEECM

Prefabricated construction offers numerous advantages, such as high efficiency and energy efficiency. However, its promotion is impeded by the significant associated costs. Thus, primary objective of this study to investigate overall life-cycle costs prefabricated construction, with a specific focus on hidden To achieve objective, establishes comprehensive evaluation index system comprising 31 factors that facilitate assessment cost risks at each stage construction’s life cycle. In order effectively evaluate these risks, proposes novel method combines structural equation model (SEM) matter–element extension cloud (MEECM). Subsequently, proposed applied an actual case projects. The findings prove valuable in managing offer effective means for evaluating risks. considered paper more than previous studies, quantitative analysis risk constructed SEM–MEECM established. Based presented paper, future research can further enhance explore suitable indicators control projects, thus promoting widespread adoption developing countries.